Sex Differences
Can the “female protective effect” liability threshold model explain sex differences in autism spectrum disorder?
Dougherty JD, Marrus N, Maloney SE, Yip B, Sandin S, Turner TN, Selmanovic D, Kroll KL, Gutmann DH, Constantino JN, Weiss LA. Can the "female protective effect" liability threshold model explain sex differences in autism spectrum disorder? Neuron. 2022 Oct 19;110(20):3243-3262. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.020. Epub 2022 Jul 21. PMID: 35868305; PMCID: PMC9588569.
Estrogen activation of microglia underlies the sexually dimorphic differences in Nf1 optic glioma-induced retinal pathology
Toonen JA, Solga AC, Ma Y, Gutmann DH. Estrogen activation of microglia underlies the sexually dimorphic differences in Nf1 optic glioma-induced retinal pathology. J Exp Med. 2017 Jan;214(1):17-25. doi: 10.1084/jem.20160447. Epub 2016 Dec 6. PubMed PMID: 27923908; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5206494.
Neurofibromatosis 1 – Mutant microglia exhibit sexually-dimorphic cyclic AMP-dependent purinergic defects
Elmadany N, Logiacco F, Buonfiglioli A, Haage VC, Wright-Jin EC, Schattenberg A, Papawassiliou RM, Kettenmann H, Semtner M, Gutmann DH. Neurofibromatosis 1 - Mutant microglia exhibit sexually-dimorphic cyclic AMP-dependent purinergic defects. Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Oct;144:105030. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105030. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32736084.
Sex is a major determinant of neuronal dysfunction in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Diggs-Andrews KA, Brown JA, Gianino SM, Rubin JB, Wozniak DF, Gutmann DH. Sex is a major determinant of neuronal dysfunction in neurofibromatosis type 1. Ann Neurol. 75:309-16, 2014.